POSTER

 

1.   Definition of Poster (Pengertian Poster)

 

        Poster is a visual media that combines pictures, colors, and     short         texts to give information, persuade people, or remind         them about         something.

       

         Poster adalah media visual yang berisi gambar, warna, dan teks singkat untuk menyampaikan informasi, ajakan, atau peringatan.

       

        Simple definition for students:

        A poster is a paper with pictures and short messages to tell or invite    people to do something.

 

2.   Function of Poster (Guna / Fungsi Poster)

 

        Posters are used to:

1.   Give information
→ memberikan informasi

2.   Persuade people
→ mengajak atau memengaruhi orang

3.   Remind people
→ mengingatkan

4.   Advertise something
→ mempromosikan barang atau kegiatan

5.   Warn people
→ memberi peringatan

 

3.   Types of Posters (Bentuk-bentuk Poster)

 

a. Educational Poster

          Used in schools to teach something.
          Contoh: Poster tentang kebersihan, belajar rajin.

b. Public Service Poster

          Used to remind or warn people.
          Contoh: “No Smoking”, “Save Water”.

c. Advertisement Poster

          Used to promote products or events.
          Contoh: Poster makanan, konser, lomba.

d. Motivational Poster

          Used to encourage people.
          Contoh: “Never Give Up”, “Believe in Yourself”.

  

 

4.   Parts of a Poster (Bagian-bagian Poster)

 

1.   Title / Headline
→ Judul utama (pendek & menarik)

2.   Picture / Illustration
→ Gambar pendukung

3.   Main Message
→ Pesan utama (singkat, jelas)

4.   Additional Information
→ Informasi tambahan (tempat, waktu, dll)

5.   Color and Design
→ Warna menarik agar mudah dibaca

 

5.  Characteristics of a Good Poster

 

        (Ciri-ciri Poster yang Baik)

·         Uses simple words

·         Has eye-catching colors

·         Message is clear and short

·         Easy to understand

·         Big and readable letters

 

 

PROCEDURE TEXT (MANUAL)

Pengertian (Definition)

 Procedure Text adalah jenis teks yang menjelaskan langkah-langkah atau cara melakukan sesuatu secara berurutan agar tujuan tertentu dapat tercapai.

Procedure Text is a text that explains how to do or use something in correct steps.

Procedure text manual biasanya berisi petunjuk penggunaan alat, benda, atau aktivitas sehari-hari, misalnya cara menggunakan rice cooker, cara membuat teh, atau cara mengoperasikan kipas angin.

 

Social Function (Tujuan Sosial)

Tujuan Procedure Text adalah untuk:

• Memberi instruksi atau petunjuk secara jelas
• Membantu pembaca melakukan sesuatu dengan benar dan aman
• Menghindari kesalahan dalam penggunaan alat atau proses tertentu

Ø                     To give clear instructions

Ø                     To help people do something correctly and safely

Generic Structure (Struktur Teks)

1.   Goal / Aim
Menjelaskan tujuan atau apa yang akan dilakukan.

2.   Materials / Tools (optional)
Menyebutkan bahan atau alat yang dibutuhkan.

3.   Steps / Methods
Langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan secara urutan dan sistematis.

 

Grammar Usage (Ciri Kebahasaan)

Procedure Text biasanya menggunakan:

• Imperative sentences (kalimat perintah)
  Contoh:
• Turn on the stove.
• Press the button carefully.
• Simple Present Tense
  Contoh:
• This tool works automatically.
• Action verbs (kata kerja tindakan)
  Contoh:
  put, turn, mix, press, open, close
• Sequence words (kata urutan)
  Contoh:
  first, second, next, then, after that, finally
• Adverbs (kata keterangan)
  Contoh:
  carefully, slowly, gently

 

Example of Procedure Text (Manual)

How to Use a Rice Cooker

Goal:
To cook rice using a rice cooker.

Materials:

• Rice
• Water
• Rice cooker

Steps:

1.   First, measure the rice using a cup.

2.   Wash the rice with clean water.

3.   Put the rice into the rice cooker pot.

4.   Add water according to the amount of rice.

5.   Close the lid and plug in the rice cooker.

6.   Press the “Cook” button.

7.   Finally, wait until the rice is cooked and the button switches to “Warm”.

 

 

SI BURUK AND THE PRINCESS

DODI INDRA

 

 

          Long ago, in a small village in Riau, there lived a poor young man called Si Buruk. He had a bad skin disease, so his face and body were full of scars. Because of that, no one wanted to be his friend.

          “Go away, Si Buruk!” some children shouted.

          “You are ugly and scary!” others laughed.

         Si Buruk did not get angry. He only smiled and said, “It is okay. I hope you are always healthy.”

          People said that Si Buruk was strange because he was always kind, even when he was insulted.

 

          Si Buruk lived with his old mother in a small house.

          “Mother, please don’t be sad,” Si Buruk said one night.

          “We may be poor, but we still have good hearts.” His mother told him that patience was their greatest treasure.

 

          One evening, while Si Buruk was looking for firewood in the forest, he heard a weak sound.

          “What is that sound?” he asked himself.

          Behind the bushes, he saw a deer with a broken leg.

          “Oh, poor deer,” Si Buruk said softly.

          “Don’t be afraid. I will help you.”

         

          He carried the deer home carefully.     At home, Si Buruk asked his mother if they could take care of the deer. His mother agreed and said that every living creature deserved help.

           Every day, Si Buruk cleaned the deer’s wounds and gave it food and water.

          “Drink this water,” he said kindly.

          “I will not hurt you.”

          The deer looked at him quietly, as if it understood his words.

 

          One night, the deer suddenly shone with a bright light.

          “Do not be afraid, Si Buruk,” a gentle voice said.

          The deer then changed into a beautiful fairy. She said that she was a forest fairy who had fallen from the sky. She explained that Si Buruk had saved her life.

          Si Buruk was very surprised. He said that he had only helped because the deer was hurt.

          

The fairy touched Si Buruk’s face and said that his illness would disappear.

          Suddenly, all his skin disease was healed. Si Buruk became a handsome and healthy young man.

          The fairy said that his kindness was his true beauty, and then she disappeared.

 

          Some time later, a princess got lost and arrived in the village.

          “Excuse me,” the princess said tiredly. “May I stay here for the night?”

 

          Si Buruk politely answered that their house was simple, but she was welcome to stay. His mother also told the princess to think of the house as her own.

        

  The princess felt touched and said that they were very kind people. The next day, the princess returned to the palace. She went to her father and said,

          “Father, I met a very kind young man in a small village.”

          The king looked at her and asked,

          “A kind young man? Tell me more about him.”

          The princess smiled and said,   “He is poor, but he is very kind and respectful. Father, I want to marry him.”

          The king was surprised. “Are you sure, my daughter?” he asked.
          “He is not a prince, and he does not come from a rich family.”

 

          The princess answered softly, “Yes, Father. I am sure. Kindness is more important than appearance or wealth.”

          The king was silent for a moment. Then he smiled and said,
          “If he truly has a good heart, I will accept him.”

 

          Some time later, the king met Si Buruk and said, “My daughter has told me about your kindness.”

          Si Buruk bowed politely and replied, “I am only a simple man, Your Majesty, but I always try to do good.”

          The king nodded. “That is enough. A good heart is the greatest treasure.”

          

         Finally, the king said, “I bless this marriage.”

          Si Buruk married the princess, and they lived happily together.

          The people in the village said, “A good heart will always bring true happiness.”

 

 

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Dodi Indra

 1. Pengertian Direct dan Indirect Speech

Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang mengutip ucapan seseorang secara langsung, persis seperti yang diucapkan. Biasanya ditandai dengan tanda petik (“…”).

Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) adalah kalimat yang melaporkan kembali ucapan seseorang tanpa menggunakan kata-kata yang sama persis dan tanpa tanda petik.

Contoh:

• Direct: She said, “I am happy.”
• Indirect: She said that she was happy.

2. Kegunaan Direct dan Indirect Speech

Direct dan Indirect Speech digunakan untuk:

1. Menyampaikan ucapan atau pernyataan orang lain
2. Menceritakan kembali percakapan
3. Menulis cerita, dialog, dan laporan
4. Digunakan dalam teks naratif dan recount

 

3. Ciri-ciri Direct Speech

Direct Speech memiliki ciri-ciri:

1. Menggunakan tanda petik
2. Kalimat sesuai dengan ucapan asli
3. Biasanya menggunakan present tense
4. Menggunakan kata ganti orang sesuai pembicara

Contoh:

• She said, “I like coffee.”

 

4. Ciri-ciri Indirect Speech

Indirect Speech memiliki ciri-ciri:

1. Tidak menggunakan tanda petik
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung that / if / whether
3. Terjadi perubahan tenses
4. Terjadi perubahan kata ganti orang
5. Terjadi perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempat

 

5. Pola dan Rumus Dasar

A. Direct Speech (Statement)

Subject + said, “Subject + Verb + Object.”

Contoh:

• He said, “I am tired.”

 

B. Indirect Speech (Statement)

Subject + said (that) + Subject + Verb (past form)

Contoh:

• He said that he was tired.

 

6. Perubahan Tense (Dasar)

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Simple Present	Simple Past
am / is / are	was / were
can	could
will	would

Contoh:

• “I like apples.” → He said that he liked apples.
• “She is at home.” → He said that she was at home.

 

7. Perubahan Kata Ganti Orang (Pronoun)

Direct	Indirect
I	he / she
we	they
my	his / her
me	him / her

Contoh:

• “I love my mother,” she said.
  → She said that she loved her mother.

 

8. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	the next day
yesterday	the day before
here	there

Contoh:

• “I study here,” he said.
  → He said that he studied there.

 

9. Contoh Direct dan Indirect Speech

A. Pernyataan (Statement)

Direct:

• She said, “I am a student.”
• They said, “We live in Riau.”

Indirect:

• She said that she was a student.
• They said that they lived in Riau.

 

B. Kalimat Tanya (Yes/No Question)

Rumus Indirect:
Subject + asked + if / whether + subject + verb

Contoh:

• Direct: “Are you tired?” she asked.
• Indirect: She asked if I was tired.

 

C. Kalimat Perintah (Command)

Rumus Indirect:
Subject + told / asked + object + to + verb

Contoh:

• Direct: “Close the door,” the teacher said.
• Indirect: The teacher told the students to close the door.

Negatif:

• “Don’t be late,” she said.
  → She told me not to be late.

 

10. Langkah Mudah Mengubah Direct ke Indirect Speech

1. Hilangkan tanda petik
2. Ubah kata ganti orang
3. Ubah tense
4. Ubah keterangan waktu/tempat
5. Tambahkan kata penghubung (that / if / to)

 

11. Latihan Direct and Indirect Speech

A. Ubah Direct ke Indirect!

1. She tells, “I like English.”
2. He says, “I am at home.”
3. They say, “We are happy today.”
4. Oki says “ I sing Dangdut well”
5. Nasya tells “ My mother watches Drakor everyday”
6. Ernita and Charlie say “ We visit Aldiansyah together”

 

 

12. Penutup

Direct and Indirect Speech membantu siswa menyampaikan kembali ucapan orang lain dengan tepat. Dengan memahami perubahan tense, pronoun, dan time expression, siswa akan lebih mudah menulis dan berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris.